Thyroid Disorders: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options – With Dr. Anuradha Sarkhel
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. Any imbalance in thyroid hormones can lead to health complications. Dr. Anuradha Sarkhel, an expert in thyroid disorders, explains the different types, causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.
Types of Thyroid Disorders
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
- The thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones, slowing down metabolism.
- Symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, depression, cold intolerance.
- Causes: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, certain medications.
- Treatment: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
- The thyroid produces excess hormones, speeding up body functions.
- Symptoms: Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, irritability, sweating, insomnia.
- Causes: Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, excessive iodine intake.
- Treatment: Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.
3. Goiter
- An enlargement of the thyroid gland, sometimes visible as a neck swelling.
- Symptoms: Difficulty swallowing, coughing, hoarseness.
- Causes: Iodine deficiency, hormonal imbalances.
- Treatment: Medication, iodine supplements, or surgery if severe.
4. Thyroid Nodules
- Lumps or abnormal growths in the thyroid, mostly benign but occasionally cancerous.
- Symptoms: Lump in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing (if large).
- Diagnosis: Ultrasound, biopsy.
- Treatment: Observation, medication, or surgery.
5. Thyroid Cancer
- A rare but serious thyroid disorder.
- Symptoms: Persistent lump, voice changes, swallowing difficulties.
- Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, targeted medications.
Causes of Thyroid Disorders
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Hashimoto’s, Graves’ disease)
- Iodine imbalance (deficiency or excess)
- Genetic predisposition
- Hormonal imbalances
- Certain medications
Diagnosis & Treatment
Dr. Anuradha Sarkhel emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis through:
- Blood Tests: Measuring thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and TSH levels.
- Ultrasound & Biopsy: Detecting nodules and potential cancer.
Treatment Approaches
- Medication: Thyroid hormone therapy for hypothyroidism, antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism.
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Used in hyperthyroidism to shrink the gland.
- Surgery: For large goiters, nodules, or thyroid cancer.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent fatigue, sudden weight changes, or neck swelling, consult Dr. Anuradha Sarkhel for expert thyroid care.
Conclusion
Thyroid disorders can significantly impact your quality of life. However, with early detection and proper treatment, you can manage thyroid health effectively. If you have concerns, schedule a consultation with Dr. Anuradha Sarkhel for personalized guidance.
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